Phineas Gage: The Gruesome But True Story About Brain Science by John Fleischman

Meet Phineas Gage. Right now he is a skull on display at Harvard but in 1848 he was the foreman of a railroad construction crew. He used a tool called a “tamping iron”, which looks a lot like a spear, and it was his job to blast the rocks into small pieces that could be removed. In order to do this, a hole would have to be drilled into the rock. The hole would be “charged” by filling the bottom with gun powder. Phineas would use the pointy end of his tamping iron to press a fuse into the powder and someone else would fill the rest of the hole with loose sand that would act as a plug. Phineas would then use the round end of the iron to tamp the sand in tight before lighting the fuse.
This day, however, something went awry. The sand was not poured into the hole and when Phineas’ tamping iron slid into the hole it hit the explosive, sparking, and the tamping iron turned into an oversize bullet that traveled right through Phineas’ left cheek and burst straight out the top of his head. Miraculously, Phineas did NOT die until the year 1860 but he was never the same. Phineas survived his brain injury but his personality was never the same. Phineas Gage’s horrible accident unknowing taught scientist volumes about how the brain functions.
What do you know about the brain and how it works? What would happen to you if had a brain or if a piece of your brain was missing? What if a piece of iron shot right through your head? Would it be a miracle if you lived? Would you be a different person afterward?